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Diraviya Raj, K.

Mass Mortality of Montipora digitata (Scleractinia) in Vaan Island, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast India

Impacts of Traditional Shore Seine Operation along the Tuticorin Coast, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast India

Climate Change-Induced Coral Bleaching in Malvan Marine Sanctuary, Maharashtra, India

Abstract Views :329 | PDF Views:83

Authors

K. Diraviya Raj ¹, G. Mathews ¹, M. Selva Bharath ¹, Rohit D. Sawant ², Vishal Bhave ³, Deepak Apte ³, N. Vasudevan ², J. K. Patterson Edward ¹

Affiliations
1 Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, 44-Beach Road, Tuticorin 628 001, IN
2 UNDP Sindhudurg Project and Mancrove Cell, Mumbai 400 051, IN
3 Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai 400 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 02 (2018), Pagination: 384-387

Abstract

Malvan Marine Sanctuary (MMS), Maharashtra, India is rich in coral reefs and the associated resources, which provide livelihood for the people involved in fishing and tourism. The elevated sea-surface temperature triggered by climate change had caused the coral reefs around the world to undergo severe bleaching during 2014–2016. Scientists have declared this as the third global coral bleaching event. Two underwater surveys during December 2015 and May 2016 were conducted in MMS to assess the intensity and trend of coral bleaching. A high prevalence of coral bleaching, i.e. 70.93% (SD = 4.53) was recorded inside MMS during December 2015, with a mortality of about 8.38% (SD = 0.91). After a lapse of six months, corals were found to recover. This is borne out by the reduction in the bleaching prevalence to 6.77 ± 0.12% during May 2016. Climate change being a global issue, reduction in the local stressors such as fishing and tourism is highly recommended in order to allow the corals to recover and enable sustainable utilization of coral reef resources around MMS.

Keywords

Climate Change, Coral Bleaching, Mortality, Marine Sanctuary, Sea Surface Temperature.

Full Text

References

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Heron, S. F. et al., Validation of reef-scale thermal stress satellite products for coral bleaching monitoring. Remote Sensing, 2016, 8(1), 59.

Eakin, C. M. et al., Global coral bleaching 2014–17. Reef Encounter, 2016, 31(1), 20–26.

Hughes, T., Coral crisis: Great Barrier Reef bleaching is ‘the worst we’ve ever seen’. Nature, 2016; http://www.nature.com/news/coral-crisis-great-barrier-reef-bleaching-is-the-worst-we-ve-ever-seen-1.19747

Ainsworth, T. D. et al., Climate change disables coral bleaching protection on the Great Barrier Reef, Science, 2016, 352(6283), 338–342.

Edward, J. K. P., Mathews, G., Raj, K. D., Thinesh, T., Patterson, J., Tamelander, J. and Wilhelmsson, D., Coral reefs of Gulf of Mannar, India – signs of resilience. In Proceedings of the 12th International Coral Reef Symposium, Cairns, Australia, 2012.

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Coral-Killing Sponge Terpios hoshinota Invades the Corals of Gulf of Mannar, Southeast India

Abstract Views :258 | PDF Views:83

Authors

K. Diraviya Raj ¹, M. Selva Bharath ¹, G. Mathews ¹, Greta S. Aeby ², J. K. Patterson Edward ¹

Affiliations
1 Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, Tuticorin 628 003, IN
2 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, US

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 05 (2018), Pagination: 1117-1119

Abstract

Terpios hoshinota is an encrusting cyanobacteriosponge which grows aggressively over live coral colonies and has been reported to undergo outbreaks which kill corals. In an underwater survey conducted on the reefs of Gulf of Mannar, an outbreak of this coral-invading sponge was witnessed for the first time. It was found invading approximately 5% of the Montipora divaricata colonies (n = 383) at 1 m depth in Vaan Island. The affected site had a high coral cover (85.13%) dominated by montiporids (79.97%). T. hoshinota was confirmed via underwater morphology and microscopic observation of distinctive lobed tylostylespicules. This sponge is reported to have caused significant damage to many reefs around the world and hence immediate steps are needed to protect the reefs of Gulf of Mannar. Further studies are needed to assess the extent of T. hoshinota invasion in Gulf of Mannar and progression rate over live coral colonies.

Keywords

Coral Reefs, Invasion, Montipora divaricata, Sponge, Terpios hoshinota.

Full Text

References

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Edward, J. K. P., Mathews, G., Raj, K. D., Thinesh, T., Patterson, J., Tamelander, J. and Wilhelmsson, D., Coral reefs of Gulf of Mannar, India – signs of resilience. In Proceedings of the 12th International Coral Reef Symposium, Cairns, Australia, 2012.

Thinesh,T., Raj, K. D., Mathews, G. and Edward, J. K. P., Coral diseases are major contributors to coral mortality in Shingle Island, Gulf of Mannar, Southeastern India. Dis. Aquat. Org., 2013, 106, 69–77.

Thinesh, T., Mathews, G., Raj, K. D. and Edward, J. K. P., Coral diseases are major contributors to coral mortality in Shingle Island, Gulf of Mannar, Southeastern India. Dis. Aquat. Org., 2014, 110, 227–234.

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Coral Mortality in the Gulf of Mannar, Southeastern India, Due to Bleaching Caused by Elevated Sea Temperature in 2016

Abstract Views :257 | PDF Views:101

Authors

J. K. Patterson Edward ¹, G. Mathews ¹, K. Diraviya Raj ¹, R. L. Laju ¹, M. Selva Bharath ¹, A. Arasamuthu ¹, P. Dinesh Kumar ¹, Deepak S. Bilgi ², H. Malleshappa ³

Affiliations
1 Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, 44-Beach Road, Tuticorin 628 001, IN
2 Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, Ramanathapuram 623 503, IN
3 Department of Environment, Govt of Tamil Nadu, Chennai 600 015, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 114, No 09 (2018), Pagination: 1967-1972

Abstract

Intensive underwater surveys have been conducted to assess the extent of coral bleaching and subsequent mortality in the Gulf of Mannar between March and October 2016. The extent of bleaching was 23.92% ± 10.55% during the period between March and June 2016, and the live coral cover was drastically reduced to 22.69 ± 9.07% during October 2016 with a mortality of 16.17 ± 8.46%. Fast-growing coral forms, including the genera Acropora, Montipora and Pocillopora were most affected, not only by bleaching but also by severe mortality. Boulders, including the genera Porites, Favia and Favites were found to be resistant to bleaching. During the bleaching period, water temperature was between 31.2°C and 32.6°C. The current bleaching is in alignment with the third global coral bleaching event which occurred between 2014 and 2017. Management interventions, including protection and rehabilitation using the native resistant coral species will not only help in the recovery process, but also increase the live coral cover.

Keywords

Bleaching, Climate Change, Coral Reefs, Mortality, Sea Surface Temperature.

Full Text

References

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